O.K. so your mobo does support your processor. Check and see if there is a firmware upgrade for your optical drive (doubt that is the problem but no harm in checking). Try installing with just one RAM dimm installed. If it still fails swap the dimms out and try it again.
You can use memtest
Memtest86+ - Advanced Memory Diagnostic Tool to check the dimms assuming you have access to a PC to install them.
If it still fails, check the hard drive. Usually hard drive manufacturers offer diagnostic tools on their support sites. If the HDD checks good, that narrows it down to the hand-me-down mobo or cpu as the primary suspects.